ABSTRACT
This research aimed to explore the design and integration of a 24V, 3.5KVA solar photovoltaic (PV) system as a potential solution to Nigeria's erratic power supply. This approach champions renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly energy generation, seeking to diminish dependence on conventional energy sources and alleviate environmental concerns. The primary objectives included examining the viability of solar power generation, assessing system efficiency, and ensuring long-term cost-effectiveness in energy production through solar means. The study involved the design and integration of various components such as solar cells, batteries, charge controllers, and inverters to establish a reliable and sustainable power generation framework. Extensive research into solar energy systems was conducted, encompassing component selection, system design, and installation procedures. The design process commenced with the meticulous specification of each component's properties through analytical calculations and consideration of inter-component connections. Six monocrystalline panels, each with a 300W rating and 12V output, were connected in series to form three sets of 24V connections, which were then connected in parallel to yield a 24V output. This output was linked to the MPPT charge controller solar panel terminal and subsequently connected to two tubular batteries rated at 220AH and 12V each, which were then linked to the inverter. The findings of this study suggested that the successful design and installation of a 3.5KVA solar system could indeed address power supply issues in typical medium to high-powered Nigerian households. The technology exhibited a consistent increase in efficiency (up to 88%) until reaching output power levels of 1000W, where efficiency peaked and stabilized. These results were contingent upon the assumption of stable solar irradiation of at least 800W/m2 for a minimum of 3 hours within a daily sunlight availability cycle of 6-8 hours. Furthermore, the study identified potential enhancements for system performance, including the implementation of solar tracking mechanisms, augmentation of solar panel numbers, and adoption of solar concentrator panels to optimize sunlight utilization. These recommendations are essential for surmounting existing limitations in solar technology.
