ABSTRACT
This research aimed to explore the design and incorporation of a 24-volt, 3.5kVA solar photovoltaic (PV) system as a practical response to the inconsistent power supply in Nigeria. This approach offers a renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional power generation methods, with the goal of diminishing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating environmental hazards. The primary objectives included evaluating the feasibility of solar power generation, assessing system efficiency, and ensuring long-term cost-effectiveness in energy production through solar resources. Various components, including solar cells, batteries, charge controllers, and inverters, were thoughtfully chosen and integrated to establish a dependable and sustainable power generation infrastructure. To achieve these objectives, extensive research on solar energy systems was conducted, encompassing the selection of appropriate components, system design, and installation procedures. The design process commenced with a meticulous determination of the specific properties of each component through analytical calculations and consideration of the interconnections among them. Initially, six monocrystalline panels rated at 300W and 12V were paired in series to create three sets of 24V connections. Subsequently, these sets were connected in parallel to produce a 24V output, which was then linked to the MPPT charge controller solar panel terminal. The connection sequence proceeded with the 24V output cable from the charge controller being linked to two tubular batteries connected in series, each with a rating of 220AH and 12V, resulting in a 24V output that was then connected to the inverter. The 24V hybrid inverter serves to convert the DC energy generated by the panels and stored in the batteries into AC before directing it to the changeover switch. v The findings of this design investigation suggest that implementing a 3.5KVA solar system presents a viable solution to the inadequate power supply situation in Nigeria. The technology demonstrates a consistent increase in efficiency, reaching up to 88% as the system output power levels approach the 1000W threshold. However, beyond this point, efficiency begins to decline with the addition of every 100W load. These observations are contingent upon stable solar irradiation levels of at least 800W/m2 for a minimum of 3 hours within a daily 6-8 hour sunlight availability cycle. Based on the outcomes of this design analysis, several recommendations for enhancing system performance have been identified. These include the implementation of solar tracking mechanisms, increasing the quantity of solar panels, and integrating solar concentrator panels to optimize sunlight utilization. These proposed modifications are essential for overcoming the current limitations of solar technolog
