DENSIFICATION OF SECOND ORDER CONTROLS

ABSTRACT

The goal of this project was to densify the second order control network on the University of Benin City Ugbowo campus using static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation techniques. This was done to extend the modern control network established by the Department of Geomatics and make it available for use in building projects, setting out, and other construction activities. Traditional survey techniques like as traversing, triangulation, and trilateration were and are still employed for densifying controls. Nonetheless, the project's goal was to implement second-order control densification using static GNSS observation methods on monumented beacons owing to its many benefits in the development of control networks. The instrumentation involves the use of Trimble M3 dual frequency GPS receivers where static observation were carried-out on seven controls and ellipsoidal coordinates were obtained in the World Geodetic System 84 reference frame.