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ABSTRACT
Solar energy is the most popular renewable energy source since it is a limitless resource and because thus far, it has been used in an environmentally responsible manner. The study on solar energy in the form of a stand-alone and hybrid photovoltaic system is presented in this project that is thus aimed at comparing and evaluating stand-alone photovoltaic systems and hybrid photovoltaic systems for a case study of a 3-bedroom flat in Ekosodin, Ugbowo, Benin City, specifically focusing on their efficiency, cost, and suitability. This study involves conducting a literature review on photovoltaic systems, designing models for stand-alone and hybrid systems, assessing site conditions and load, calculating component sizing, researching available components in Nigeria, comparing their performance and cost, and finally, providing recommendations for photovoltaic solutions in the country. In this case study, cost and suitability was the most important factor in evaluating stand-alone and hybrid photovoltaic systems. The Hybrid system emerged as the more cost-effective choice, with the Stand-alone system being roughly twice as expensive in the first year and over the five-year period due to lower maintenance costs regardless of electricity tariff.
