ABSTRACT
Azanza garckeana is a plant with reported medicinal properties found in the northern part of Nigeria. This study was aimed at comparing the bioactive compounds present in the hexane seeds and roots extracts of Azanza garckeana using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The total ion chromatogram (TIC) of the seed and roots revealed the presence of 19 and 11 bioactive compounds in the seeds and roots respectively.The compound hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester was found to be the highest in the hexane seed extract of Azanza garckeana with 15.01 % in content, with reported anti-glycemic and antioxidant biological activities, whileOctadecanoic acid was found to be the highest in the hexane root extract with 21.13 % in content, with Antimicriobal activity. 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl was the least in both the seed and root extracts with 0.19 % content in the seed and 0.32 % in content in the root. 2- Pyrrolidinone, 1-methylis used in the treatment of Myeloma.The compounds 2-pyrrolidinone, 1- methyl, n-hexadecanoic acid, and Linoleic acid ethyl ester were identified in both the hexane seeds and root extracts, of which n-Hexadecanoic acid have been reported to possess antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemia, nematicide, pesticide, antiandrogenic, flavor, Hemolytic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor activities, while Linoleic acid ethyl ester reported to have anti-inflammatory activity.A total of 30 bioactive compounds were identified in the seed and roots extracts.A total of twelve (12) bioactive compounds with reported biological activities were identified in the seeds, these compounds include: 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, nhexadecenoic, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, Linoleic acid ethyl ester, Ethyl Oleate, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, Methyl stearate, Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, 2- Methyl-Z, Z-3,13-octadecadienoic, Floxuridine and Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1- hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester. Their biological activity ranges from myeloma treatment to antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic, antiandrogenic, and insecticide activities, whilea total of 5 bioactive compounds with reported viii biological activities were identified in the roots. These compounds include; octadecanoic acid, nhexadecenoic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, 9,12- octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, and oleic acid. Their reported activities include; antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, potent mosquito larvicideand anticancer. The seeds and roots of Azanza garckeana are rich in bioactive compounds, with hexane seed extract containing a larger amount of bioactive compounds in content compared to that of the root extract.
