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ABSTRACT
Cell block technique is a method that allows cytological specimen to be processed into paraffin blocks while on the other hand; the smear sampling technique is used in cytology lab for basic sample preparation. The quest for an error free result is indispensable in every diagnostic technique. Therefore a method which can asses the level of errors in diagnostic procedures and provide a standard, through which several diagnosis can be carried out from a single FNAC sample becomes an invaluable option. This is necessary for optimizing the standard of analysis in laboratory technique in order to prevent the inconveniences resulting from the use of unreliable control method. This study comparatively analyzed the diagnostic effectiveness of stained sections of cell block prepared from non-gynecological samples, which include mainly FNAC and stained smears prepared simultaneously from same samples. Among other objectives, were to analyze, which of the various methods that can further improve a high standard cytological screening, and solve problems encountered when FNA does not yield sufficient information for precise diagnosis. It also pin point the risk of false negative or intermediate diagnosis that may exist with respect to the various methods. The methodology involves utilizing both techniques for each of the same samples while the stained smears were prepared by utilizing routine smear sampling method. These were achieved by comparatively processing a number of samples and making examination with three staining technique; rapid romanowsky stain, the Pap stain and H/E staining for sections of cell blocks and smears from the smeared sampling technique respectively. The cell blocks were prepared using the thermo scientific Richard-Allan Histogel. Results showed that breast cyst FNAC as a case study revealed features such as; scanty clusters of cytological normal polygonal to spindle shaped cells mixed with infiltrates of neutrophils in a clear neat background, which were not demonstrated with the cell block and conventional method. While with Pleural Fluid Cell block, and LBC reveals similar features some of which were not demonstrated in a conventional smear but all suggestive of a benign smear. Therefore, there is profound improvement in diagnostic cytology with the simultaneous utilization of this 3 technique with cell block giving a higher level of clarified diagnosis for suspicious lesions.
