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ABSTRACT
Magnesium (Mg) influences several physiological cellular processes whereas Kolaviron (KV) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in model systems via multiple biochemical mechanisms. The present study investigated the comparative effects of KV and Mg-adaptation as well as their synergistic action on cardiovascular protection during acute myocardial infarction (MI) and oxidative stress (OS) in rabbits. Sixteen (16) adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes with average weight of 2.3kg were randomized into four groups of 4 rabbits. Group 1 (Control) were fed with normal rabbit feed and tap water. Group 2 received high magnesium (4.8mM/ bd wt). Group 3 received Kolaviron (200mg/kg bd wt) and group 4 received combination of Mg + KV. The feeding lasted for 16 weeks after which two animals from each group were induced with MI and OS by single dose adrenaline (1mg/kg/ SC) for two consecutive days at an interval of 24 hours between applications and at the end of the 2nd day, carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) (1ml/kg/bw). 5 ml blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture for creatinine kinase (CK), Aldosterone (AS), Angiotensin II (ANG 11), tumor necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The heart and aorta were harvested for histochemical analyses using standard analytical methods. Results showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in AS, CK, and TNF-α but increase in ANG 11, CAT, GPx and SOD in Mg-adapted group whereas in the KV-adapted group AS decreased significantly while CAT and GPx increased when compared with the control. The combination of Mg and KV decreased AS and CK but increased ANG 11, CAT, GPx and MDA when compared with the control. In the group induced with MI and OS, Mg-adaptation resulted in significant decrease in AS, ANG11, MDA, TNF-α but increase in CK compared with control. The pattern was the same in KV-adaptation except in CAT and GPx which significantly increased. The combination of Mg and KV showed synergistic increase in CAT and MDA compared with control. Thus, this study demonstrates that magnesium and kolaviron adaptation offer some cardiovascular protective effects against acute myocardial infarction and oxidative stress by decrease reactive oxygen species activity and inhibition of peroxidation in rabbits. The cardioprotective effect was more potent in the synergistic action of magnesium and kolaviron. Magnesium adaptation increases angiotensin 11 secretion, suggesting that magnesium adaptation may induce decrease in systemic blood pressure in rabbits.
