ABSTRACT
Air quality is used to describe the presence or absence of certain chemical compounds that are known to adversely affect human health and the environment, as well as their concentrations. When air quality is poor, it is often filled with pollutants, posing risks to both human health and the environment. Air pollution is a global threat to the environment. It is the alteration of the atmosphere's natural state through the introduction of pollutants, compromising air quality and posing risks to human health and the environment. Air pollution is estimated to cause a substantial portion of deaths from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, and stroke. This study accessed the concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide, carbon monoxide and aerosol in Abuja and Bayelsa state, Nigeria. from 2020 to 2024. Secondary data for the three pollutants were assessed from Google Earth Engine. Raw data were processed, classified and presented using ArcGIS 10.7.1. Results showed the lowest value of NO2 in Abuja was recorded as 0.0000597 mol/m2 in 2020 and the highest NO₂ level 0.0000657 mol/m2 in 2023 reflecting higher vehicular emissions and industrial activities. Exposure of humans to high level of NO2 causes irritatation of the respiratory system, leading to both short- and long-term health effects, including eye, nose, and throat irritation, coughing, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, reduced lung function (especially in children), and worsening of conditions like COPD and bronchitis. Additionally, it contributes to environmental issues such as acid rain, smog, and eutrophication. The lowest level of CO in bayelsa was recorded as 0.0488 mol/m2 in 2022 and the highest CO concentration 0.0524 mol/m2 in 2024. This is mainly due to gas flaring and industrial activities associated with oil production. High exposure to CO causes various health effects, CO interferes with the blood's ability to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues. Exposure to elevated levels can result in unconsciousness or even death. The concentration of Aerosol in Abuja was -0.7568 in 2020 and 0.1810 mol/m2 in 2024 making Abuja the most polluted state compared to Bayelsa. Depending on their composition and level of exposure, aerosols can cause health issues such as shortness of breath, coughing, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, asthma, and skin irritation. The concentration of pollutants on the environment can be reduced through implementation of strict air quality regulations, use of cleaner fuel and compliance with international regulations standards should be encouraged in order to promote a clean environment.
