ABSTRACT
This study was done to determine the proximate composition, phytochemical constituent and the antimicrobial activity of Chromolanae odorata and Phyllanthus amarus and make a comparison of the result gotten for both samples. The proximate composition that was assessed includes Ash content, moisture content, crude fibre, crude fat, carbohydrate and protein. While the phytochemical assessed were steroids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and quinones. The process for phytochemical screening was carried out using established protocols as described by Harbone, Sofowora, Trease and Evans, while the laboratory procedure for determination of the proximate composition was carried out using the AOAC method and the laboratory procedure for determination of the antimicrobial activity was carried out using standard established method as described by Monica Cheesbrough. The result gotten thus, indicated the presence of Saponins and Flavonoids in both plants, while C. odorata only, had Terpenoids and Alkaloids and P.amarus Phenols, Tannins and Quinones. The presence of these compounds, suggests the potency of these plants as source of useful medicinal ingredients and potential healing abilities because of the presence of flavonoids. Both plants we seen to be high in fibre hence, could be a good source of animal nutrient. Though after comparing them, P. amarus was seen to consist of a higher composition having Moisture content 48.905, Ash content 10.08, Crude fibre 21.76, Crude fat 1.11, Crude protein 6.425, Carbohydrate 60.625 7 hence, has more nutritional value than C. odorata that had these values Moisture content 11.58, Ash content 10.654, Crude fibre 25.075, Crude fat 0.395, Crude protein 6.82, Carbohydrate 57.405. For the antimicrobial activity, it wasseen that Staphylococcus Aureus was resistant (less than 10) until the concentration was increased to 100ml in aqueous extract and in ethanol, at 75ml for C. odorata while P. amarus was resistant at 50ml in aqueous extra and sensitive in ethanol. Proteus for C.odorata was sensitive from 100ml in aqueous extract and 50ml in ethanol extract while P. amarus75ml in aqueous and 125ml in ethanol. Pseudomonas aeruginosa C. odorata was sensitive throughout the volume in aqueous extract resistant in ethanol at 100ml while P.amarus was resistant until 100ml in aqueous and 75ml for ethanol. E. coli was sensitive in aqueous extract and high resistant in ethanol extract. The overall study showed that both plants have great potency in making pharmaceutical products as they both contain valuable phytochemicals and vast antimicrobial activities.
