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ABSTRACT
The need for effective and constant power supply is a significant demand. Power demand for residential, commercial and industrial building is very high, so there is a need to have a constant power supply and a continuous use of power when the primary supply of electricity is unavailable. The use of solar energy has been found to greatly improve energy use. Despite the availability of solar energy system, the problem of having a good energy storage device such as batteries for effective performance still exist. Hence, the aim of the work is to carry out a comparative analysis of solar batteries The methodology applied in achieving this is through simulation, using the PV Syst Software to carry out various battery analysis; which include the simulation of a standalone system for solar batteries (lead acid battery and Lithium ion battery), the comparison of the solar batteries under load condition, ascertaining the performance/efficiency of the different types of solar batteries, analysing the environmental impact of different types of solar batteries. The results obtained were compared; the efficiency and performance of lead acid (82.39%) and lithium-ion (89.46%) batteries were found to differ as Li-Ion battery has a higher efficiency and better performance, also with a higher energy density of 71.56Wh/kg, longer cycle life, of 10 years and faster charging capabilities compared to lead acid batteries. They also have lower maintenance requirement and are considered most reliable for various applications. While lead acid batteries have been widely used and are more affordable, they have a lower energy density and may require more frequent replacement. Therefore, for optimal efficiency and performance in PV solar energy storage, lithium-ion batteries are found to be better and preferable.
