CHANGES IN PROTEIN, TRIGLYCERIDES, AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE LEVELS IN TAIL REGIONS OF Xenopus Laevis

ABSTRACT

The study focused on tadpoles of the Xenopus laevis species collected from three distinct sites within the urban environment of Benin City. These tadpoles were subjected to a comprehensive analysis, including the examination of key biochemical biomarkers associated with energy metabolism within their tissues. In the investigation, both the head and tail segments of 50 tadpoles aged between 5 to 10 days were systematically collected from the three designated sites. The primary objective was to assess the impact of environmental pollution on these tadpoles by comparing specimens from polluted sites with control tadpoles.The findings of this study revealed a significant reduction in the levels of vital energy-related enzymes, including protein, triacylglycerides, and lactate dehydrogenase, in tadpoles exposed to highly polluted environments when contrasted with their counterparts from the Uniben capitol site. Remarkably, tadpoles originating from the Uwelu and Oko sites exhibited elevated levels of stress-related enzymes, indicating a concerning trend in these locations. The results further indicated that the Uwelu site, in particular, has experienced a notable deterioration over time. This decline was associated with specific environmental parameters, such as heavy metal contamination and dissolved oxygen levels, which contributed to aerobic stress in tadpoles. This stress, in turn, manifested as alterations in the activity of energy-related enzymes and other relevant biomarkers. It is noteworthy that the concentrations of heavy metals in all three study sites were found to be within tolerable limits. Nevertheless, a consistent decline in the levels of energy enzymes compared to the control group was observed. This suggests a potential role for biomarkers like total protein, triacylglycerides, and lactate dehydrogenase in the adaptive response of tadpoles to environmental pollution. In light of these findings, it is imperative to raise awareness about the imminent threats posed by deteriorating environmental conditions. Furthermore, advocating for the implementation of stringent regulations governing effluent discharge within the urban center 9 of Benin City is essential to mitigate adverse effects and prevent further degradation of both tadpole populations and the local human community.