ABSTRACT
The world's oldest system of health care, is the application of herbal medicine and has been used in all cultures. This study was aim to study the effect of Biherbal formulation of the mixture of Methanol extract of avocado (Persea americana) pear seed and orange (Citrus sinesis) peel in the treatment of peptic ulcer induced in albino swiss mice. The objective of the study where to ascertain the phytochemical constituents of the biherbal formulation, evaluate the acute toxicity effect of the biherbal formulation and to access the biological effect of the biherbal product on Hydrochloric acid mixed with ethanol, and Indomethacin induced ulcers in albino swiss mice. Up to 10% of people worldwide are affected by the chronic condition known as peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer development is influenced by the pH of stomach juice and a reduction in mucosal defenses. Plant samples (by physical examination) of Avocado (Persea americana) pear and Orange (Citrus sinesis) peel were collected in September, 2021 form Uselu market, Egor local government area in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. The plant was authenticated by Dr. H. A. Akinnibosun of the Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City. After collection, the seeds of Avocado (Persea americana) pear and Orange (Citrus sinesis) peels were first divided into parts, then 2 weeks of room temperature air drying then dried in an oven at 40⁰C for 1 hour. The dried seeds were then reduced to fine powder using an electric machine for milling and kept in air tight containers for future use as reported by (Obaro-Onezeyi and Oshomoh, 2019). 100 % Methanol was used to extract five hundred gram (500 g) each of the powder. The weighed powered sample was macerated with 2.5 litres of methanol for 72 hours with constant shaking and stirring. Filtration was done using cheese cloth, conical flask and funnel to separate the residue from the filtrate. The filtrate was concentrated to paste level using crucible and water bath at 400 C to actualize the concentrate which was later dried to powder in an oven at 40⁰C to obtain a crude extract of 35.8 g which was preserved in a sample bottle inside the refrigerator.The percentage yield was calculated with reference to the dried powder used. Acute toxicity research was done by methods of OECD (Organization of economic co-operation development), 2008a guidelines. Six mice, comprising of 3 male and 3 female mice. They were given 1000 mg/kg per body mass of the extract and observed for 72 hours for possible signs of toxicity, mortality or morbidity. Preliminary Phytochemical study was carried out using Ethanol/Hcl and indomethacin induced Ulcer models in albino mice. Results revealed from the Phytochemical study showed that Cardiac Glycoside, Flavonoids, Eugenols and Alkaloids where highly present, Saponins, Phenolics and Terpenoids where present, while Tannins was absent.
According to the investigation on acute toxicity, the extract's LD50 was more than 2000 mg/kg. While the anti-ulcer study revealed dose dependant gastroprotective activity of the extract in both indomethacin and Ethanol/Hcl induced Ulcers.
It is concluded that the Methanol Biherbal Formular of Pear seed and Orange peel, displayed anti-ulcer activity. This, should be tried clinically on ulcer patients.
