AWARENESS, UTILIZATION AND DETERMINANTS OF HYDROXYUREA USE AMONG PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN A SECONDARY HEALTH INSTITUTION IN EDO STATE

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, with hydroxy urea being an effective but under utilized treatment option. This study assessed the awareness, utilization,and determinants of hydroxyurea use among SCD patients in a secondary health institution in Edo State. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 250 patients using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed a generally low level of awareness, with only 31.5% of participants demonstrating full knowledge of hydroxyurea’s benefits and side effects. Utilization was also low, with only 36.8% of respondents currently using hydroxyurea, despite its effectiveness in reducing pain crises and hospitalizations. Determinants of hydroxyurea use included medical recommendations, cost, cultural beliefs, and systemic barriers such as limited access to full blood count testing and delays in laboratory procedures. Regression analysis showed that age and educational level significantly influenced both awareness and utilization (p < 0.05), while gender was not a significant factor. The study highlights the need for improved awareness programs, enhanced accessibility, and policy interventions to promote hydroxyurea use among SCD patients. Addressing socioeconomic and systemic barriers could improve uptake and adherence, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. Keywords: Hydroxyurea, Sickle Cell Disease, Awareness, Utilization, Determinants, Barriers