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ABSTRACT
Assess to potable water is regarded as a global problem, especially for over 884 million people in developing regions. The sources of water pollution vary and involve almost every significant human activity, including the dumping of domestic wastes, sewage, and agricultural and industrial effluents into water bodies; the availability of good quality water is thus indispensable for preventing water-borne diseases and improving the quality of life. This research aimed to assess the water quality indices and prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria of Ovokoto spring and Ojerame Dam, both in Akoko-Edo, Nigeria. Water Quality Index (WQI) was analyzed via the weighted arithmetic method, and health risk assessment was determined using the chronic daily intake, hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) models. Water samples from four sampling stations were obtained each from Ovokoto spring water and Ojerame Dam monthly for 12 months and analyzed for their physicochemical and microbiological quality. The physicochemical parameters were assayed using standard physicochemical procedures, while the indicator bacteria were microbiologically assayed using standard bacteriological techniques. The concentrations of heavy metals were assessed in water using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The indicator bacteria isolates were screened for virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-related genes using a polymerase chain reaction.
