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ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar) or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of various complications. Assessing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic patients can provide valuable insights into the management and progression of the disease. This study aims to assess the levels of (SOD) and (MDA) in diabetics compared to healthy controls. A case study was conducted on a sample of fifty (50) consenting participants including thirty-four (34) diabetic patients and sixteen (16) environmental control persons. SOD levels were measured by using enzymatic activity assay and MDA levels were measured by using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay method. Demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, diabetes duration, and medication history, were collected via questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the levels of SOD and MDA between the diabetic group and control group. Values obtained in this study was analyzed by the Graph Pad Prism software. The result showed that the participants with diabetes milletus (102 ± 14 U/ml) showed significantly elevated levels of SOD compared to the control group (66 ± 19 U/ml) (p<0.05). MDA levels showed no significant difference in participants with diabetes milletus(106 ± 11 nmol/ml) compared with the control group (103 ± 9.7 nmol/ml) (p>0.05).In conclusion, this study revealed higher levels of SOD in participants with diabetes milletus when compared to the control. MDA levels were not statistically different.
