ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder which is caused due to impairment in insulin secretion and/or the activity of insulin, leading to chronic hyperglycemia with defective carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Assessing erythropoietin (EPO), hemoglobin and kidney parameters levels among newly diagnosed diabetic patients can provide valuable insights into the management and progression of the disease. This study aims to assess the erythropoietin (EPO), Hemoglobin and Kidney Parameters levels among the newly diagnosed diabetic patients and evaluate the clinical implications of these assessments. A case-control study was conducted on a sample of 60 consenting participants including 30 newly diagnosed diabetic patients, and 30 healthy controls of age ranging between 20 – 50 years. EPO levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the kidney parameters were measured using Ion-selective electrodes and hemoglobin was measured using cyanmethemoglobin method under standard protocol. Demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, diabetes duration, and medication history, were collected via questionnaires. Values obtained in this study was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 software and the values presented as mean ± standard deviation (levels of significance were accepted at p<0.001). Independent sample t-test indicated significantly higher mean hemoglobin (p < 0.05), packed cell volume (p = 0.05) and fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001) in newly diagnosed diabetic patients compared with their healthy control. EPO level of 6.5 IU/L was observed and no significant differences were observed in creatinine, urea, potassium, bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride between the two groups. The mean value of hemoglobin in this study was 15.84mg/dl, which was statistically significant. The study also shows that individuals with family history of diabetes are at risk of becoming diabetic as they advance in age, and that diet control and a focus on nutrients-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, effectively lower blood sugar levels by preventing postprandial hyperglycemia, improve hemoglobin synthesis and that regular physical activity enhances insulin sensitivity through mechanisms involving increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake, and improved insulin signaling. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of these assessments in predicting diabetes complications and guiding therapeutic interventions.
