ABSTRACT
During the past decades, the incidence and prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has risen progressively (Schoolwerth et al., 2006) Most important reasons for rapid increase in CKD patients are rapidly increasing worldwide incidence of diabetes and hypertension (Singh et al., 2013).
Purpose:The study evaluated the effect of diabetes, hypertension and comorbid state of hypertension and diabetes (referred to as hypertensive-diabetic) on renal function using serum creatinine and urea as markers of renal function.
Materials and Methods:
The total numbers of respondents were one hundred and twenty, (30 controls, 30 hypertensive, 30 diabetic & 30 hypertensive-diabetic). Out of the 30 control subjects 18 were females and 12 were males, of the 30 hypertensive subjects 17 were females and 13 were males, of the 30 diabetics subjects 20 were females and 10 were males, whereas amongst hypertensive-diabetic subjects were 21 females and 9 were males. In total there were seventy six (76) females and 44 males.
Respondents were pulled from Central Hospital (Auchi) diabetic and general clinic and also from Auchi Polytechnic Cottage hospital. Verbal consent was sort and questionnaires were used to abstract information regarding biodata and patients history of diabetes and hypertension. Height and weight were measured using a height meter and weighing scale respectively,
Blood pressure was determined by an indirect method using a mercury sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Blood samples were collected into fluoride oxalate and lithium heparin bottle for the assessment of FBS and (serum urea and creatinine) respectively.
Results:The mean (±SD) serum creatinine was higher in hypertensive-diabetic group (2.08 ± 1.06) and declines as follows: diabetic group (1.75 ± 1.01), hypertensive group (1.34 ± 0.96) and control group (0.70± 0.14).
The mean (±SD) serum urea was also founded to be higher in hypertensive-diabetic group (17.5 ± 9.06) and declines as follows: diabetic group (14.5 ± 6.13), hypertensive group (12.7 ± 6.23) and control group (7.18 ± 5.06).
There was a positive correlation between serum creatinine and fasting blood sugar and between serum urea and fasting blood sugar with r value of 0.23 and 0.24 respectively.
The study also established a positive correlation between serum creatinine and blood pressure but not between serum urea and blood pressure with r value of 0.31 and 0.16 respectively.
CONCLUSION
Good control of blood glucose and blood pressure level reduces the likelihood of development of renal impairment which is usually associated with both diabetes and hypertension.
Comobidity of diabetes and hypertension poses a higher risk of developing renal disease.
Both serum creatinine and serum urea are important biomarkers for renal impairment hence should be monitored on regular basis for diabetic and hypertensive patients and much more frequently for hypertensive-diabetic patients.
