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ABSTRACT
Cryptococcosis is a disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, both environmental fungi that cause severe pneumonia and may even lead to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Although c. neoformans affects more fragile individuals, such as immunocompromised host through opportunistic infections, C. gattii causes a serious indiscriminate primary infection in immunocompetent individuals. Typically seen in tropical and subtropical environments, C. gattii has increased its endemic area over recent years, largely due to climatic factors that favor contagion in warmer climates. It is to point out that not only C. gattii, but the Cryptococcus specie complex produce a polysaccharide capsule with immunomodulatory properties, enabling the pathogenic species of Cryptococcus to subvert the host immune response during the establishment of Cryptococcosis, facilitating its dissemination in the infected organism. C. gattii causes a more severe and difficult to treat infection, with few antifungals eliciting an effective response during chronic treatment.
