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ABSTRACT
Proteus mirabilis, part of the Enterobacteriaceae family is a gram-negative bacterium which is notable for its capacity to heartily swarm crosswise over surfaces in a striking bulls'-eye design (Majeed HT et al., 2019). P. mirabilis is prone to causing symptomatic urinary tract infections such as cystitis which pyelonephritis and occurs particularly in elderly people and patients with type 2 diabetes(Matthews SJ et al., 2011; Papazafiropoulou A et al., 2010). P. mirabilis causes from 1 to 10% of urinary tract infections, varying with the study's geographical location, sample types collected and patients’ characteristics. In the most recent large North American study, 4% of almost 3,000 UTI cases were caused by this species. (Karlowsky JA et al., 2011). P. mirabilis has an impressive arsenal of factors for virulence. Urease is a key feature of this species, but a number of fimbria and other adhesins are also exhibited in the bacterium. Mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbria, whose expression is phase-variable, is the most well studied fimbria.
