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ABSTRACT
Surface waters such as flowing rivers, fresh water lakes and hand dug wells are the major sources of water for most rural dwellers in Nigeria. These are often consumed without testing their potability. This study was conducted to assess the antibiogram profiles of heterotrophic bacteria associated with different water sources (Ikpoba river, reservoir water and well water). Water samples were collected from the sampling locations (Ikpoba water sample from Ikpoba river, Reservoir water sample from Ekosodin, and Well water sample from Airport road) during the month of February 2024. Bacteriological analysis of the water samples was conducted using the membrane filtration technique and isolates identified by standard cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Disc diffusion technique was utilized to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the identified bacteria. Other microbiological analysis which comprised of screening for lipase and gelatinase, which are all virulence factors were performed using standard methods. The total heterotrophic bacterial count varied from 21cfu/100ml to 29.4cfu/100ml for reservoir water and 20.5cfu/100ml to 27.4cfu/100ml and 17.5cfu/100ml to 25.8cfu/100ml for well water and Ikpoba river respectively. The reservoir water had the highest heterotrophic bacterial count. The identified bacterial isolates included; Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, and Bacillus subtilis. The four isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime(CTX), Vancomycin (VAN), Cefuroxime (CRX), Meropenem (MEM), and Ceftriaxone (CTR). All the isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) with Bacillus subtilis having the highest multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI). There is an urgent need by relevant Governmental and Non-Governmental agencies to conduct advocacy programs targeted at these communities on the necessity of treating and disinfecting abstracted water sourced directly from the water body prior to drinkin
