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ABSTRACT
This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibacterial and phytochemical properties of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)and its effects on bacteria isolated from wounds. The leaves of C. odorata was obtained from the University of Benin environs. Samples were prepared and extracted using ethanol and aqueous (cold water) solvents. Available and preserved clinical bacteria isolates obtained from wounds were collected from the Microbiology laboratory in the Department of Microbiology, University of Benin. Phytochemical screening was conducted on both prepared extracts of the plants. Subsequently the antibacterial activity of the extracts were tested against the clinical bacteria isolates. Muller Hinton Agar medium was utilized for culturing the bacteria isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility test was also conducted against identified Gram negative and Gram positive clinical bacteria. Results obtained from the experimental study revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. odorata on Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 8.00±4.00 - 17.67±2.03 mm and 2.67±1.45 - 23.00±1.53mm respectively.Also the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. odorata on Escherichia coli exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 2.00±1.15 - 24.00±2.31 mm and 15.00±1.73 - 17.33±0.67 mm respectively. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. odorata on S. aureusexhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 4.33±1.45 - 25.00±2.65 mm and 7.67±1.45 - 30.33±2.03 mm respectively. The Minimum bactericidal concentration of 2000mg/ml of both extract was bactericidal to S. aureus. The Minimum bactericidal concentration of 2000mg/ml of aqueous extract was bactericidal while ethanol extract was bacteriostatic to Escherichia coli. The MBC of 2000mg/ml of aqueous extract was bactericidal while ethanol extract was bacteriostatic to P. aeruginosa. The MIC value of aqueous extract of C. odorata against P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus was 350 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 225 mg/ml respectively while the MIC value of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 80 mg/ml, 700 mg/ml and 175 mg/ml respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was observed to be resistant to Gentamycin, Ampliclox, Zinnacef, Amoxacillin, Rocephin (25µg), Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Erthromycin antibiotics with a MAR index of 0.9. P. aeruginosa was the least antibiotic resistive bacterial isolates with a MAR index of 0.7. S. aureus was the most antibiotics resistive bacteria isolatewith MAR index of 0.9. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Phenol, Glycosides and Anthocyanosides in aqueous extract of C. odorata while no phytochemical was detected in ethanol extract of C. odorata. Findings from the study revealed that C. odorata is a suitable candidate for development of drugs which could help combat infections which may pose harm to humans and as such further studies is required to be conducted on the plant.
