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ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial properties of Psidium guajava leaves extracts growing at Ekosodin, Benin city.Recently there has been a lot of attention focused on producing medicines and products that are natural. The use of commercial antibiotic as treatment is becoming less significant due to its potential to cause toxicity and development of antibiotic resistant. Plants are considered as one of the most promising sources for new antimicrobials discovery. The plant Psidium guajava, is an important food crop and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical countries and is widely used as food and in folk medicine around the world. Mature leaf extracts of P. guajava have been shown to contain antimicrobial properties. The leaf extract of P. guajava contains Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, glycoside, alkaloids and flavonoid compounds. Chemical tests for the screening and identification of bioactive chemical constituents in the guava were carried out with the extracts using the standard procedure.The test organisms used for this study was Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli. This research aimed at the screening of the antibacterial potency of Psidium guajava extracts. The determination of the Ethanolic and water extracts were carried out using Agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extracts had antimicrobial activity on all organisms using a 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml concentrations and no inhibitory activity using a 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml on E.coli and Salmonella. aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava leaves with concentrations within the range of 25-100mg/ml had no effectiveness on the organisms whereas the 200mg/ml concentration had no effect on Bacillus cereus but showed little inhibitory activity on Salmonella, E.coli and Staph aureus. With this observation from all the results it showed that the antibacterial properties of Psidium guajava on the gram positive bacteria is higher than that of the gram negative showing that the leaves do not contain enough active ingredients against gram negative bacteria. On the basis of the present finding, P. guajava leaves possess the capabilities of being a good candidate in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent against infections and/or diseases caused by S. aureus, E.coli and Salmonella enterica.
