ABSTRACT
This project work is aimed at the“Analysis of technical losses in typical distribution feeders – a case study of Nekpenekpen and Welfare 33/11kV injection substations”. Data was obtained from two injection substations (Nekpenekpen and Welfare 33/11kV injection substations) for a period of one month. Both substations were visited for five weeks and in each week, the needed data were collected. Data were also collected from VESA and the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). All the collected data were thereafter placed in a tabular format using Microsoft Excel software. Before obtaining the relevant data from the substations, VESA and TCN; past related works were reviewed and other internet searches were made in order to obtain relevant insights. As well, the networks of both substations were combed to get more data. Thereafter, data analysis of the obtained data was carried out. Data obtained and analyzed showed that the feeders of Nekpenekpen injection substation had lesser energy losses compared to the feeders of Welfare injection substation. Meaning that Welfare injection substation with efficiency of 38.39% had more energy losses than Nekpenekpen injection substation with efficiency of 57.98%. Also, from the power factor data obtained from both injection substations, it was observed that some of the power factor values were greater than 1 (one), which ought not to be so because power factor value ranges from 0-1 (zero to one). This abnormally maybe due to a number of factors such as error in the calibration of the equipment where the power factor values are read-off, human error during value read-off and so on. They losses on the network were as a result of: lengthy distribution lines, worn-out equipment, inadequate size of conductors of the distribution lines, no growth provision of system, unequal load distribution of the three phases of low tension lines, low voltage, overloading of distribution lines, low power factor, load factor effect, abnormal operating conditions, transformer sizing and selection, location of distribution transformers, feeder length, poor workmanship, use of overrated distribution transformers, calibration of equipment, efficiency of equipment, lack of proper maintenance.
