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ABSTRACT
The project work deals with the character of justice in Adam Smith’s thought. Justice is considered by him as both as a virtue and as a principle on which all the systems of law should be grounded. Smith could not achieve his project of writing a theory of jurisprudence, but some parts of his thought have been analyzed under different points of view: the political “paradigms” of civic humanism and natural law; the dilemma about property, whether it existed by nature or by human convention; the equality/inequality of distribution; the way in which the laboring poor could improve their lot without infringing the rich’s rights. He asserted that Countries that can establish a "tolerable administration of justice" to secure property rights and allow investment and exchange to take place will see economic progress take place. Smith's emphasis on a country's "institutions" in determining its relative income has been supported by recent empirical work on economic development. Classical influences and modern considerations are interwoven in Smith’s writings. He acknowledge the external and internal meaning of justice as the harmony of the whole society and the moral agent’s state character, and his commitment to the theory of justice is in fact for the purpose of preserving liberty, which illuminates that a free society takes priority over a beneficent one in his political ideal.
