ABSTRACT
Background: Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by reduced or absent melanin production, leading to significant visual impairments such as refractive errors, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, and photophobia. Purpose: This study investigated the impact of spectacle correction on the refractive status, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and corneal curvature of individuals with albinism. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, involving 15 participants aged 5-34 years. Data collection included refractive error measurements, visual acuity assessments, and contrast sensitivity evaluations before and after spectacle correction. Data Analysis: Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0, with paired t-tests and ANOVA used to determine significant differences. Results: Findings revealed that myopic astigmatism was the most prevalent refractive condition (40.0%), followed by myopia (33.3%), hyperopia (13.3%), and hyperopic astigmatism (13.3%). Spectacle correction significantly improved visual acuity, with the mean value increasing from 0.71 (SD = 0.15) to 0.58 (SD = 0.11) (p < 0.001). However, contrast sensitivity exhibited minimal improvement postcorrection. Corneal curvature analysis indicated a significant relationship between refractive status and corneal radius, with hyperopic individuals displaying the largest mean corneal radius (8.15 mm, SD = 0.21). Gender-based analysis showed that males had a larger mean corneal radius of curvature (7.78 mm, SD = 0.51) compared to females (7.54 mm, SD = 0.23). Conclusion: The study concluded that spectacle correction plays a vital role in enhancing visual acuity among individuals with albinism, although its effect on contrast sensitivity remains limited. Based on these findings, recommendations include regular optometric assessments, personalized spectacle prescriptions, early optical intervention, and the incorporation of additional visual aids such as tinted lenses and magnifiers. Furthermore, public awareness initiatives and further research on alternative interventions for managing visual impairments in albinism are necessary. Contributions to optometry: This study contributes valuable insights into the optical management of albinism, supporting evidence-based clinical practices aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals with the condition.
