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Dosing of experimental animals is necessary for a variety of scientific investigations and to meet regulatory demands. The pharmaceutical industry, in particular, has investigated the levels of dosing compatible with animal welfare and valid science (Hull, 1995). In the preclinical stage of the safety evaluation of new drugs, it is normal practise to use multiples of the 'effective dose' in order to attempt to establish the necessary safety margins.
Where chemicals are of low toxicity or are only poorly soluble in acceptable formulations, a large volume may be required to be given to individual animals to satisfy both scientific and regulatory requirements.